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Maas, MC (1997), Enamel microstructure in notoungulates, in RF Kay et al. [eds.], Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics: the Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Smithsonian Inst. Press: pp. 319-334. Notostylopidae.
Maas, MC, JGM Thewissen, S Sen, N Kazanci & J Kappelman (2001), Enigmatic new ungulates from the Early Middle Eocene central Anatolia, Turkey. J. Vert. Paleontol. 21: 578-590. Hilalia.
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Macey, JR, JA Schulte II, A Larson, NB Ananjeva, Y Wang, R Pethiyagoda, N Rastegar-Puyani, & TJ Papenfuss (2000a), Evaluating trans-Tethys migration: an example using acrodont lizard phylogenetics. Syst. Biol. 49: 233-256. Acrodonta, Agamidae, Amphibolurinae, Draconinae.
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Maisey, JG (1981), Studies on the Paleozoic selachian genus Ctenacanthus Agassiz no. 1. Historical review and revised diagnosis of Ctenacanthus, with a list of referred taxa. Am. Mus. Nov. 2718, 22 pp. Ctenacanthidae.
Maisey, JG (1982), The anatomy and interrelationships of Mesozoic hybodont sharks. Amer. Mus. Nov.No. 2724, 48 pp. Cladoselachida.
Maisey, JG (1983), Cranial Anatomy of Hybodus basanusEgerton from the Lower Cretaceous of England. Am. Mus. Nov. No. 2758, 64pp. Cladoselachida.
Maisey, JG (1984), Higher elasmobranch phylogeny and biostratigraphy. Zool. J. Linn. Soc.82: 33-54. Synechodontiformes, Synechodus.
Maisey, JG (1984a), Chondrichthyan phylogeny: a look at the evidence. J. Vert Paleontol. 4: 359-371. Cladoselachida, Synechodontiformes.
Maisey, JG (1985), Cranial morphology of the fossil elasmobranch Synechodus dubrisiensis. Amer. Mus. Nov.2804, 28 pp. Synechodontiformes, Synechodus.
Maisey, JG (1988), The phylogeny of early vertebrate skeletal induction and ossification patterns. Evol. Biol. 22: 1-36. Osteichthyes.
Maisey, JG (1993), The interrelationships of Protospinax(Elasmobranchii: Hypnosqualea) reviewed in light of new material. J. Vert. Paleontol.13: 48A (Abstract) Hypnosqualea, Protospinax, Synechodontiformes.
Maisey, JG (2001), CT-scan reveals new cranial features in Devonian chondrichthyan "Cladodus" wildungensis. J. Vert. Paleontol.21: 807-810. Cladoselachida.
Maisey, JG (2004), Morphology of the braincase in the broadnose sevengill shark Notorynchus(Elasmobranchii, Hexanchiformes), based on CT scanning. Amer. Mus. Nov.3429, 52 pp. Glossary, Psarolepis, Synechodus.
Maisey, JG (2005), Braincase of the Upper Devonian shark Cladodoides wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii), with observations on the braincase in early chondrichthyans. Bul. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.No. 288, 103 pp. Chondrichthyes Crown Group.
Makovicky, PJ, MA Norell, JM Clark & T Rowe (2003), Osteology and relationships of Byronosaurus jaffei(Theropoda: Troodontidae). Amer. Mus. Nov. 3402, 21 pp. The Ear, Troodontidae.
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Manabe, M (1999), The early evolution of the Tyrannosauridae in Asia. J. Paleontol. 73: 1176-1178. Tyrannosauridae.
Mancum, DJ, EA Tuley, LA Westfield, NK Worrall, BB Shelton-Inloes, JM Sorace, YG Alevy & JE Sadler (1989), Structure of the gene for human von Willebrand Factor, J. Biol. Chem.264: 19514-19527. Insectivora
Manley, GA & JA Clack (2004), Vertebrate systematics and an outline of the evolution of vertebrate hearing organs, in Evolution of the Vertebrate Auditory System, GA Manley, A Popper & RR Fay (eds), Springer-Verlag, pp. 1-26. Tetrapoda.
Marivaux, L, J-L Welcomme, P-O Antoine, G Métais, IM Baloch, M Benammi, Y Chaimanee, S Ducrocq & J-J Jaeger (2001), A fossil lemur from the Oligocene of Pakistan. Science 294: 587-591. Adapiformes, Lemuriformes, Lemuroidea.
Marsh, OC (1884), Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs. Part VIII. The order Theropoda. Am. J. Sci. 3rd ser.) 27: 329-340. Coelurus.
Marsh, OC (1888), Notes of a new genus of Sauropoda and other new dinosaurs from the Potomac Formation. Am. J. Sci. (3rd ser.) 31: 89-94. Coelurus.
Marss, T (1986), Squamation of the thelodont agnathan Phlebolepis. J. Vert. Paleontol.6: 1-11. Katoporida, Loganiidae, Phlebolepis, Thelodonti, Thelodontida.
Marss, T (1999), A new Late Silurian or Early Devonian thelodont from the Boothia peninsula, Arctic Canada, Palaeontology42: 1079-1099. Archipelepididae, Nikoliviidae.
Marss, T (2002), Silurian and Lower Devonian anaspids (Agnatha) from Severnaya Zemlya (Russia), Geodiversitas24: 123-137. Cephalaspidida
Marss, T & VN Karatajute-Talimaa (2002), Ordovician and Lower Silurian thelodonts from Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago Russia), Geodiversitas24: 381-404. Loganiidae
Marss, T & A Ritchie (1998), Articulated thelodonts (Agnatha) of Scotland, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, Earth Sci. 88: 143-195. Epibranchials, Lanarkia, Loganellia, Shielia.
Marss, T, MVH Wilson & R Thorsteinsson (2002), New thelodont (Agnatha) and possible chondrichthyan (Gnathostomata) taxa established in the Silurian and Lower Devonian of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci.51: 88-120. Teeth.
Maryanska, T, H Osmólska & M Wolsan (2002), Avialan status for Oviraptorosauria. Acta Pal. Pol.47: 97-116. Aves, Oviraptorosauria.
Mathur, AK & PD Polly (2000), The evolution of enamel microstructure: how important is amelogenin? J. Mamm. Evol.7: 23-42. Teeth
Mazan, S, D Jaillard, B Baratte & P Janvier 2000), Otx1gene-controlled morphogenesis of the horizontal semicircular canal and the origin of the gnathostome characteristics. Evol. & Devel.2: 186. Teeth.
McCauley, DW & M Bronner-Fraser (2003), Neural crest contributions to the lamprey head. Development130: 2317-2327 Teeth.
McEachran, JD, KA Dunn & T Miyake (1996), Interrelationships of the batoid fishes (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea), inMLJ Stiassny, LR Parenti & GD Johnson (eds.), Interrelationships of Fishes. Academic Press, pp. 63-84. Batomorphii, Hypnosqualea.
McGowan, C (1991), Dinosaurs, Spitfires and Sea Dragons. Harvard Univ. Press, 365 pp. Ichthyosaurus, Temnodontosaurus.
McGowan, C (1995), A remarkable small ichthyosaur from the Upper Triassic of British Columbia, representing a new genus and species. Can. J. Earth Sci.32: 292-303. Eurhinosauria.
McGowan, C (1997), A transitional ichthyosaur fauna, inJM Callaway & EL Nicholls (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press, pp. 61-80. Ichthyosaurus, Shastasauria, Temnodontosaurus, Thunnosauria.
McKenna, MC (1956), Survival of primitive notoungulates and condylarths into the Miocene of Colombia. Amer. J. Sci.254: 736-743. Notoungulata.
McKenna, MC (1963), New evidence against tupaioid affinities of the mammalian family Anagalidae. Amer. Mus. Nov.2158, 16 pp. Anagalidae
Mendoza, M, CM Janis & P Palmqvist (2002), Characterizing complex craniodental patterns related to feeding behaviour in ungulates: a multivariate approach. J. Zool.258: 223-246. Stenomylinae.
Meylan, PA (1996), Skeletal morphology and relationships of the early Cretaceous side-necked turtle, Araripemys barretoi (Testudines: Pelomedusoides: Araripemyidae), from the Santana formation of Brazil. J. Vert. Paleontol. 16: 20-33. Podcnemoidae
Miao, D (1993), Cranial morphology and multituberculate relationships, in FS Szalay, MJ Novacek & MC McKenna eds.), Mammal Phylogeny: Mesozoic Differentiation, Multituberculates, Monotremes, Early Therians, and Marsupials. Springer-Verlag, pp. 63-74. Allotheria; Cimolodonta; Multituberculata.
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Miles, CA, K Carpenter & K Cloward (1998), A new skeleton of Coelurus fragilis from the Morrison Formation of Wyoming. J. Vert. Paleontol. 18: 64A. Coelurus.
Miller CG & T Marss (1999), A conodont, thelodont and acanthodian fauna from the Lower Pridoli (Silurian) of the Much Wenlock area, Shropshire. Palaeontology42: 691-714. Loganiidae.
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Milner, AC & W Lindsay (1998), Postcranial remains of Baphetesand their bearing on the relationships of the Baphetidae (=Loxommatidae). Zool. J. Linn. Soc.122: 211-235. Baphetes, Baphetidae.
Milner, AR (1980), The Tetrapod assemblage from Nyrany, Czechoslovakia, inAL Panchen (ed.), The Terrestrial Environment and the Origin of Land Vertebrates. Academic Press: pp.439-496. Cochleosauridae, Edopoidea.
Mindell, DP, MD Sorenson, CJ Huddleston, HC Miranda, Jr., A Knight, SJ Sawchuk & T Yuri (1997), Phylogenetic relationships among and within select avian orders based on mitochondrial DNA, in DP Mindell (ed.), Avian Molecular Evolution and Systematics. Academic Press. pp. 213-247. Acrodonta, Cuculiformes.
Mindell, DP, MD Sorenson & DE Dimcheff 1998), Multiple independent origins of mitochondrial gene order in birds. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95: 10693-10697. Cuculiformes.
Modesto SP (1994), The Lower Permian synapsid Glaucosaurus from Texas. Paleontology 37: 51–60. Edaphosauridae, Edaphosaurus, Glaucosaurus.
Modesto SP (1995), The skull of the herbivorous synapsid Edaphosaurus boanerges from the Lower Permian of Texas. Palaeontology, 38: 213–239. Edaphosauridae, Edaphosaurus,Sphenacodontia.
Modesto, SP, B Rubidge & J Welman (1999), The most basal anomodont therapsid and the primacy of Gondwana in the evolution of the anomodonts. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond, B 266: 331-337. Neotherapsida.
Modesto SP & RR Reisz (1990), A new skeleton of Ianthosaurus hardestii, a primitive edaphosaur (Synapsida: Pelycosauria) from the Upper Pennsylvanian of Kansas. Can. J. Earth Sci. 27: 834-844. Edaphosauridae, Edaphosaurus,Ianthasaurus.
Modesto SP & RR Reisz (1990a), Taxonomic status of Edaphosaurus raymondi Case. J. Paleontol. 64: 1049-1051. Edaphosaurus,Ianthasaurus.
Modesto, SP & N Rybczynski (2000), The amniote faunas of the Russian Permian: implications for Late Permian terrestrial vertebrate biogeography, inMJ Benton, MA Shishkin, DM Unwin & EN Kurochkin eds.), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 17-34. Therapsida Overview.
Modesto, S, CA Sidor, BS Rubidge & J Welman (2001), A second varanopseid skull from the Upper Permian of South Africa: implications for Late Permian 'pelycosaur' evolution. Lethaia 34: 249-259. Elliotsmithia, Mycterosaurinae, Varanodontinae, Varanopseidae.
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Monbaron, M, DA Russell & P Taquet (1999), Atlasaurus imelakein.g., n.sp., a brachiosaurid-like sauropod from the Middle Jurassic of Morocco. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sci ter. plan.329: 519–526. Atlasaurus.
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Motani, R (1997), Temporal and spatial distribution of tooth implantation in ichthyosaurs, inJM Callaway & EL Nicholls (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press. pp. 81-103. Cymbospondylus, Grippidia, Ichthyopterygia, Merriamosauria, Mixosaurus, Shastasauria, Tooth Implantation, Utatsusaurus.
Motani, R (1999), On the evolution and homologies of ichthyopterygian forelimbs. J. Vert. Paleontol.19: 28-41. Shastasauria.
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Новицкая, ЛИ 1986), "Древнейшие бесчелюстные СССР: Гетеростраки: Циaтacпиды, Aмфиacпиды, Птepacпиды." Труды ПИН219: 159c. [Novitskaya, LI 1986), The most ancient agnathans of the USSR: Heterostraci: Cyathaspidae, Amphiaspidae, Pteraspidae. Trudy Paleontol. Inst. Nauk 219: 159 pp.] My thanks to Dr. Stella Fitzgibbon for assistance with the translation. Amphiaspidida, Amphiaspidoidei, Ctenaspis, Hibernaspidoidei, Siberiaspidoidei.
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Nydam, RL (2000), A new taxon of helodermatid-like lizard from the Albian-Cenomanian of Utah. J. Vert. Paleontol. 20: 285-294. Anguimorpha; Monstersauria.
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Olsen, PE, H-D Sues & MA Norell (2000), First Record of Erpetosuchus(Reptilia: Archosauria) from the Late Triassic of North America. J. Vert. Paleontol. 20: 633–636. Erpetosuchus, Gracilisuchus.
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Olson EC (1968), The family Caseidae. Fieldiana 17: 225-349. Edaphosaurus, Lupeosaurus.
Olson, SL (1999), The anseriform relationships of Anatalavis Olson and Parris (Anseranatidae), with a new species from the lower Eocene London Clay. Smithsonian Contribs. Paleobiol.89: 231-243. Anatalavis, Anatidae, Cnemiornis, Presbyornithidae.
Olson, SL & A Feduccia (1980), Presbyornis and the origin of the Anseriformes (Aves, Charadrimorphae). Smithsonian Contribs. Zool.323, 24 pp. Galloanserae, Presbyornis.
Olson, SL & DC Parris (1987), The Cretaceous birds of New Jersey. Smithsonian Contribs. Paleobiol.63, 22 pp. Anatalavis, Anseres.
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Padian, K, JR Hutchinson & TR Holtz, Jr. (1999), Phylogenetic definitions and nomenclature of the major taxonomic categories of the carnivorous Dinosauria (Theropoda). J. Vert. Paleontol. 19: 69-80. Allosauridae, Allosauroidea, Aves Overview, Carinatae, Carnosauria, Ceratosauria, Coelurosauria, Maniraptora, Metornithes, Ornithothoraces, Ornithurae, Sinraptoridae, Tetanurae, Theropoda.
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Page, LM & BM Burr (1991), A Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes of North America North of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Co., 432 pp. Dallia, Esociformes, Esox, Novumbra, Umbra.
Paladino, FV, JR Spolita & P Dodson 1997), A blueprint for giants: modeling the physiology of large dinosaurs, in Farlow, JO & MK Brett-Surman (eds.), The Complete Dinosaur, pp. 491-504. Titanosauria.
Parks, P (1969), Cranial Anatomy and Mastication of the Triassic Reptile Trilophosaurus. M.A. thesis, U. Texas. 88 pp. Braincase Overview, Trilophosauridae.
Parrish, JM (1993), Phylogeny of the Crocodylotarsi, with reference to archosaurian and crurotarsan monophyly, J. Vert. Paleontol.13: 287-308. Aetosauridae, Archosauria, Batrachotomus, Crocodylomorpha, Crurotarsi, Euparkeriidae, Gracilisuchus, Ornithodira, Ornithosuchidae, Poposauridae, Prestosuchidae, Proterochampsidae, Rauisuchia, Rauisuchidae, Riojasuchus, Saurosuchus, Suchia, Ticinosuchus.
Parrish, JM (1994), Cranial osteology of Longosuchus meadeiand the phylogeny and distribution of the Aetosauria, J. Vert. Paleontol., 14: 196-209 - abstract. Aetosaurus, Longosuchus, Stagonolepis.
Patterson B (1977), A primitive pyrothere (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the Early Tertiary of northwestern Venezuela. Fieldiana Geol. 33: 397-422. Notoungulata.
Patterson, C (1965), The phylogeny of the chimaeroids. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B249: 101-219. Chimaeriformes, Chimaeroidei, Holocephali, Menaspidae, Myriacanthoidei.
Patterson, C (1992), Interpretation of the toothplates of chimaeroid fishes. Zool. J. Linn. Soc.106: 33-61. Holocephali.
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Peters, H, B Wilm, N Sakai, K Imai, R Maas & R Balling (1999), Pax1and Pax9synergistically regulate vertebral column development. Development126: 5399-5408. Teeth
Petronio, C (1995), Note on the taxonomy of Pleistocene hippopotamuses. Ibex3:53-55. WWW. Hippopotamidae.
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Piotrowski, T, TF Schilling, M Brand, Y-J Jiang, C-P Heisenberg, D Beuchle, H Grandel, FJM van Eeden, M Furutani-Seiki, M Granato, P Haffter, M Hammerschmidt, DA Kane, RN Kelsh, MC Mullins, J Odenthal, RM Warga & C Nüsslein-Volhard (1996), Jaw and branchial arch mutants in zebrafish II: anterior arches and cartilage differentiation. Development 123: 345-356 (abstract only). Meckel's Cartilage.
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