Maniraptora: Maniraptoriforms closer to Daffy Duck than to Ornithomimus. Padian et al. 1999).| Coelurosauria | ||
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Abbreviated Dendrogram
Dinosauria
├─Ornithischia
└─┬─Sauropodomorpha
└─Theropoda
│
└─Coelurosauria
├─Tyrannosauroidea
└─┬─Ornithomimosauria
└─┬─Maniraptora
├─Therizinosauroidea
└─Metornithes
├─Alvarezsauridae
└─┬─Oviraptorosauria
└─Paraves
├─Deinonychosauria
│ ├─Troodontidae
│ └─Dromaeosauridae
└─Aves
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Contents
Index |
Maniraptora: Maniraptoriforms closer to Daffy Duck than to Ornithomimus. Padian et al. 1999).
Range: Early Cretaceous-Late Cretaceous of China & North America. Birds > bird mimics, i.e. Neornithes > Ornithomimus. Holtz (1996a).
Phylogeny: Maniraptoriformes: Ornithomimosauria + (Ornitholestes + * : Therizinosauria + Metornithes)
Characters: $ prefrontal reduced or absent; distal 3/4 of tail stiffened; $ enlarged sternum; $ furcula present (? plesiomorphy?); $ lateral shoulder joint; $ arm 75%+ of presacral vertebral length; $ bowed ulna; enlarged semi-lunate carpal; $ enlarged manus digit 3; laterally flattened hand claws(?); some groups with retroverted pubes; no anterior expansion of pubic boot; $ ischium <2/3 length of pubis; distal obturator process on ischium; anterior trochanter near or confluent with proximal end of femur; hyperextendable second digit of the foot, with enlarged ungual; feathers with vanes (?!).
Links: DD: Maniraptora; Maniraptoran Dinosaurs!; Avimimus; Selected Synapomorphies; theropods; maniraptora; Case for Maniraptorid Tyrannosaurs; A New Dinosaur Specimen With Feather-like Structures; Evolution, dinosaurs, BAND, BAMM, BCF, 2F, Cladistics, Birds, Secondary, Flightlessness, Archaeopteryx; The Theropod Ancestry of Birds; taxonomy; Coelurosauria - Paleontology and Geology Glossary.
Image: "Avimimids and Troodontids" © 2000 by Dan Bensen and reproduced by permission. Key: from top left to bottom center: Avimimus portentosus, (Kakuru kunjani), Sinornithoides youngi, Byronosaurus jaffei, (Borogovia gracilicrus), Troodon formosus, Tochisaurus nemegtensis), Saurornithoides mongoliensis, (Saurornithoides asiamericus), (Saurornithoides isfarensis), (Saurornithoides junior). Parentheses indicate reconstructions based upon scanty evidence.
Notes: The membership of this group, as well as its characteristics, is fairly unclear.
checkedATW040810, revised MAK120307