Ichthyosauria | ||
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Abbreviated Dendrogram
Diapsida
╞═Younginiformes
└─┬─┬?─Thalattosauria
│ └─○Ichthyopterygia/Ichthyosauria
│ ├─Utatsusaurus
│ └─┬─Ichthyosauria
│ └─┬─Merriamosauria
│ └─┬─Euichthyosauria
│ └─┬─Parvipelvia
│ ├─Eurhinosauria
│ └─┬─Thunnosauria
│ └─Ophthalmosauria
└─┬─Lepidosauromorpha
└─Archosauromorpha
|
Contents
Ancestral IchthyosaursMixosaurs and Cymbospondyls Shastasaurs and basal Euichthyosaurs Temnodontosaurs and Eurhinosaurs Thunnosaurs Ophthalmosaurs Dendrogram References |
Arkhangelsky, M.S. (1998): On the ichthyosaurian genus Platypterygius. Paleont. J., 32(6): 611–615, 2 figs.; Moscow.
Platypterygius
Callaway, JM (1997), A new look at Mixosaurus, in JM Callaway & EL Nicholls (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press. pp. 45-59.
Grippidia, Ichthyosauria, Mixosaurus.
Callaway, JM (1997a), Ichthyosauria: Introduction, in JM Callaway & EL Nicholls (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press, pp. 3-16.
Ichthyosauria, Ichthyosaurus, Mixosaurus,, Temnodontosaurus.
Camp, CL (1980), Large ichthyosaurs from the Upper Triassic of Nevada. Palaeontographica Ser. A. 170: 139-200.
Californosaurus, Shastasauria, Shonisaurus, Shonisaurus popularis.
Glendening, J. (2009). 'The World-Renowned Ichthyosaurus': A Nineteenth-Century Problematic and Its Representations. Journal of Literature and Science Volume 2, No. 1 (2009): 23-47 pdf.
Introduction
Hilton, R.P. 2003. Dinosaurs and other Mesozoic Reptiles of California, University of California Press, Berkely & Los Angeles
Shastasaurus
Kear, B. P., Boles, W. E. & Smith, E. T., 2003: Unusual gut contents in a Cretaceous ichthyosaur. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 270, S206-S208.
Platypterygius
Lawrence, J.D. 2008. A total evidence analysis of the evolutionary history of the thunnosaur ichthyosaur. Degree: MS, Geology, 2008, Bowling Green State University pdf.
Ophthalmosauria
Lydekker, R. (1888): Note on the classification of the Ichthyopterygia with a notice of two new species. Geol. Mag., 3: 309–314; London.
Shastasaurs and basal Euichthyosaurs
Maisch M.W., & Matzke A.T. 2000. The Ichthyosauria. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 298: 1-159, pdf ,
Besanosaurus, Brachypterygius, Callawayia/Metashastasaurus, Ophthalmosaurus, Platypterygius
Maisch M.W., & Matzke A.T. 2006. The Braincase of Phantomosaurus neubigi (Sander, 1997), an Unusual Ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic of Germany.
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26(3):598-607.
Cymbospondylus
Massare, J.A. & Callaway, J.M. 1990. The affinities and ecology of Triassic ichthyosaurs GSA Bulletin; April 1990; v. 102; no. 4; p. 409-416 abstract.
Introduction
McGowan, C. (1972): The distinction between latipinnate and longipinnate ichthyosaurs. - Life Sci. Occ. Papers, R. Ont. Mus., 20: 1-8; Toronto.
Shastasaurs and basal Euichthyosaurs
McGowan, C (1991), Dinosaurs, Spitfires and Sea Dragons. Harvard Univ. Press, 365 pp.
Ichthyosaurus,Temnodontosaurus.
McGowan, C. 1994. A new species of Shastasaurus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Triassic of British Columbia: the most complete exemplar of the genus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Volume 14, Issue 2. June 1994 , pages 168 - 179
Callawayia/Metashastasaurus
McGowan, C (1995), A remarkable small ichthyosaur from the Upper Triassic of British Columbia, representing a new genus and species. Can. J. Earth Sci. 32: 292-303.
Eurhinosauria.
McGowan, C (1997), A transitional ichthyosaur fauna, in JM Callaway & EL Nicholls (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press, pp. 61-80.
Ichthyosaurus,Shastasauria, Temnodontosaurus, Thunnosauria.
McGowan, C. and Motani, R. 2003. Ichthyopterygia. Handbook of Paleoherpetology, Part 8. Munich: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil.
Ophthalmosaurus
Merriam, J.C. 1908 Triassic Ichthyosauria with special reference to the American forms. Mem.University California, 1 (1): 1–155,
Shastasaurs and basal Euichthyosaurs
Motani, R (1997), Temporal and spatial distribution of tooth implantation in ichthyosaurs, in JM Callaway & EL Nicholls (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press. pp. 81-103.
Cymbospondylus, Grippidia, Ichthyopterygia, Merriamosauria, Mixosaurus, Shastasauria, Utatsusaurus.
Motani, R (1999), On the evolution and homologies of ichthyopterygian forelimbs. J. Vert. Paleontol. 19: 28-41.
Shastasauria.
Motani, R. 1999b. Phylogeny of the Ichthyopterygia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19: 473-496.
Ancestral Ichthyosaurs, Cymbospondylus
Motani, R. 1999c. The Skull and Taxonomy of Mixosaurus (Ichthyopterygia), Journal of Paleontology Vol. 73, No. 5 (Sep., 1999), pp. 924-935
Mixosaurus
Motani, R. (2000). "Rulers of the Jurassic Seas". Scientific American 283 (6).
Ancestral Ichthyosaurs
Motani, R, N Minoura & T Ando (1998), Ichthyosaurian relationships illuminated by new primitive skeletons from Japan. Nature 393: 255-257.
Grippidia, Ichthyopterygia, Utatsusaurus.
Ryosuke Motani, Bruce M. Rothschild and William Wahl, Jr. , 1999, Large eyeballs in diving ichthyosaurs. Nature 402, p.747 (16 December 1999) pdf.
Ophthalmosaurus
Nicholls, E. L. & Manabe, M. 2001. A new genus of ichthyosaur from the Late Triassic Pardonet Formation of British Columbia: bridging the Triassic-Jurassic gap. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 38, 983-1002.
Callawayia/Metashastasaurus
Nicholls, E. L. & Makato, M. 2004, Giant ichthyosaurs of the Triassic - a new species of Shonisaurus from the Pardonet Formation (Norian: Late Triassic) of British Columbia, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24(4):838-849
Shonisaurus, Shonisaurus sikanniensis
Sander, PM (1997), The paleogeography of Shastasaurus, in JM Callaway & EL Nicholls (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press, pp. 17-43.
Californosaurus, Cymbospondylus, Mixosaurus, Shastasauria, Thunnosauria
Sander, P.M. 2000. Ichthyosauria: their diversity, distribution, and phylogeny. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 74, 1-35.
Cymbospondylus
Sander P.M., Chen X., Cheng L., Wang X. (2011). Claessens, Leon. ed. "Short-Snouted Toothless Ichthyosaur from China Suggests Late Triassic Diversification of Suction Feeding Ichthyosaurs". PLoS ONE 6 (5): e19480. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019480. online
Shastasaurs and basal Euichthyosaurs, Shastasauria, Shastasaurus, Shastasaurus liangae, Shastasaurus sikanniensis
Shang, Q.-H. and Li, C. 2009. On the occurrence of the ichthyosaur Shastasaurus in the Guanling Biota (Late Triassic), Guizhou, China. Vertebrate PalAsiatica 47:178-193.pdf
Callawayia/Metashastasaurus
Storrs, G. W., M. S. Arkhangel'skii and V. M. Efimov. 2000. Mesozoic marine reptiles of Russia and other former Soviet republics. pages 187-210 In Benton, M. J., M. A. Shiskin, D. M. Unwin and E. N. Kurochkin, (eds.), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Ophthalmosaurus, Platypterygius
von Huene, F. (1922): Die Ichthyosaurier des Lias und ihre Zusammenhänge. – VI+114 pp., 22 pls.; Berlin (Gebr. Borntraeger).
Shastasaurs and basal Euichthyosaurs
von Zittel, K.A. , Eastman, C.R. (edited & revised), (1932) Textbook of Paleontology, vol.2, Macmillan & Co.
Shastasaurus
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