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Metazoa |
| Metazoa | Dendrogram |
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LIFE |--Eubacteria `--+--Archaea `--Eukarya |--Chlorobionta `--+--Fungi `--METAZOA |--Choanoflagellata `--Porifera |--Radiata `--+--Cnidaria `--Bilateria |--Deuterostomia `--Protostomia |--Ecdysozoa `--Spiralia |
This claodogram is intended to give only a broad outline. Even then, it is severely underinclusive. The plan is to fill it out gradually as we explore, or re-explore, metazoan phylospace to a level approximating the superclass or subphylum of Linnean phylogenies.
o : crown group
A : stem group
¶ : paraphyletic basal radiation
@ : apomorphy-based clade
* : similarity-based (classical) taxon
? (or blank) : basis uncertain
A METAZOA (= toads > toadstools)
|--? Choanoflagellata
`--¶ PORIFERA
|--*Archaeocyatha X
`--+--?(?A)Calcarea
`--+--? Hexactinellida
`--+--? Demospongiae
`--o Eumetazoa (= jellyfish + silverfish)
|--* CNIDARIA
| |--A Anthozoa
| `--+--? Hydrozoa
| `--+--+--? Scyphozoa
| `--? Cubozoa
`--o Bilateria (including ?some/all "Acoelomates") (= starfish + silverfish)
|--A DEUTEROSTOMIA (= starfish > silverfish)
| |--* Vetulicolia X
| `--+--@ CHORDATA (notochord present, or A: movie stars > sea stars)
| `--o Ambulacraria (hemichordates + echinoderms)
| |--? Hemichordata
| `--+--* Vetulocystidae X
| `--o HOMALOZOA (grade, redefined here as Rhenocystis + Echinus)
| |--* Stylophora X
| | `--¶ Cornuta X
| | `--* Mitrata X
| `--+--* Soluta X
| `--+--* Cincta X
| `--+--* Ctenocystoidea X
| `--+--* Helicoplacoidea X
| `--o ECHINODERMATA (extant echinoderms)
`--+--? (minor phyla)
`--o Protostomia (= bugs + slugs)
|--A Ecdysozoa (bugs > slugs)
| |--* TARDIGRADA
| `--? ARTHROPODA
| |--* TRILOBITA X
| `--o Euarthropoda (Schizoramia, sort of)
| `--+--* CHELICERATA
| | |--Merostoma
| | | |--Xiphosura
| | | `--+--Chasmataspida X
| | | `--EURYPTERIDA X
| | `--Arachnida
| `--+--* Myriapoda
| | |--+--* SYMPHYLA
| | | `--+--* PAUROPODA
| | | `--* DIPLOPODA
| | `--* CHILOPODA
| `--o Pancrustacea lice + lobsters
| |--o CRUSTACEA (crown group extant crustaceans)
| | |--@Remipedia
| | `--+--@Cephalocarida
| | |--@Malacostraca
| | `--+--@Maxillopoda
| | `--@Branchiopoda
| `--o INSECTA (crown group extant insects?)
`--A LOPHOTROCHOZOA (slugs > bugs)
|--* Bryozoa
| |--* Phylactolaemata
| `--+--* Stenolaemata
| `--* Gymnolaemata
`--¶ "Halwaxiida" (paraphyletic basal lophotrochozoans)
|--o MOLLUSCA
| |--APLACOPHORA
| | |--Solenogastres
| | `--Caudofoveata
| `--+--Polyplacophora
| `--* CONCHIFERA (=Helcionelloida)
| |--Diasoma
| | |--ROSTROCONCHIA X
| | `--BIVALVIA
| | |--Protobranchia
| | `--Heterodonta
| `--o CYRTOSOMA (slugs + squids)
| |--+--Scaphopoda
| | `--CEPHALOPODA
| | |--NAUTILOIDEA
| | `--NEOCEPHALOPODA
| | |--Ammonoidea X
| | `--COLEOIDEA
| `--A GASTROPODA (slugs > squids)
| |--*/¶ PARAGASTROPODA X
| `--+--¶ TERGOMYA (paraphyletic)
| `--o Gastropoda (slugs + limpets)
| |--A EOGASTROPODA (limpets > slugs)
| | |--Euomphalida X
| | `--A Patellogastropoda
| `--A ORTHOGASTROPODA (slugs > limpets)
| |--Vetigastropoda
| `--Apogastropoda
| |--Caenogastropoda
| `--Heterobranchia
| |--Opisthobranchia
| `--PULMONATA
| |--Actophila
| |--Systellommatophora
| `--+--Basommatophora
| `--Stylommatophora
`--+--Annelida
`--* BRACHIOPODA
|--Linguliformea
`--Craniiformea
For purposes of comparison, we include the following:
<==o ANIMALIA (METAZOA)
`-o-+--Porifera (sponges)
| `-- Archaeocyatha
`-+--Phagocytellozoa
`-+?-Mesozoa
`-+?-Monoblastozoa
`-o EUMETAZOA
`--o RADIATA (radially symmetrical animals)
|--Cnidaria (Coelentrates)
`-+--Ctenophora (comb jellies)
`-o BILATERALIA (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
`-o ACOELOMATA
|--Acoela (Platyhelminthes - flatworms in part)
`-+--Gnathostomulida
`-o COELOMATA
|--o Protostomia
| `--o LOPHOTROCHOZOA
| |--+--Rhabditophora (Platyhelminthes - flatworms in part)
| | `--+-- Entoprocta
| | |?-- Bryozoa [Ectoprocta] ("moss animals")
| | |--+-- †Chancelloriida
| | | `-- †Sachitida
| | `--+-- †Siphogonuchitida
| | `--+--o "MOLLUSCOMORPHA"
| | | `--+?- †Tullimonsterida
| | | `--+-- Mollusca
| | | `--+-- †Hyolitha
| | | `-- Sipuncula [Sipunculoidea]
| | |--+--o †Halkieriida
| | | `-- †Halkeria evangelista
| | |--o "ANNELIDAMORPHA"
| | | |?- †Wiwaxia corrugata
| | | `--+?- †Canadia spinosa
| | | |--+-- †Amiskwiida
| | | | `-- Nemertea [Nemertinea]
| | | `--+-- Lobatocerebrida
| | | `--+--+-- †Banffida
| | | | `-- Echiura [Echiuroidea]
| | | `-- Annelida
| | `--+--o LOPHOPHORATA
| | | |-- Phoronida
| | | `--+-- †Tommotiida
| | | `-- Brachiopoda
| | `--+-- †Palaeoscolecida
| | `--+-- Kinorhyncha
| | `--+-- Loricifera
| | `-- Priapulida [Priapuloidea]
| `----o Ecdysozoa
| |?-Cycliophora
| |--o Pseudocoelomata =Aschelminthes
| | |--+--Chaetognatha
| | | `--Protoconodonta
| | `--+--+--Nematoda =Nemata
| | | `--Nematomorpha
| | `--+--Gastrotricha
| | `--+--Acanthocephala
| | `--Rotifera (rotifers)
| `--o PANARTHROPODA
| `--+-Lobopoda
| `--+-Protoarthropoda (anomalocarids)
| `--Arthropoda
`--o Deuterostomia
|?- †Vetulicolia Shu, Conway Morris, Han, Chen, Zhang, Zhang, Liu, Li & Liu, 2001
|?- †Mitrata [Calcichordata; Stylophora; Carpoidea] (mitrates)
|--o "ECHINODERMOMORPHA"
| |--+-- †Cambroclaves
| | `--+-- †Heterostelea
| | `-- Echinodermata
| `--+-- †Dinomischida
| `--+-- †Eldoniida
| `--+-- †Rotadiscida
| `-- †Paropsonemida
`--o "CHORDATAMORPHA"
|-- †Graptolitha [Stomochordain partim] (graptolites)
`--o "CHORDATAFORMES"
|-- Hemichordata [Stomochordain partim] [paraphyletic?]
`--o CHORDATA
|--Urochordata =Tunicata (sea squirts)
`--+--Cephalochordata =Acraniata (lancelets, Pikaia, etc.)
`--o Craniata (chordates with heads)
|--Myxini (hagfish)
`---->Vertebrata
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