Palaeos		Cetartiodactyla
Vertebrates		Ruminantia

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Cetartiodactyla: Ruminantia

Abbreviated Dendrogram

LAURASIATHERIA 
|--FERAE
`--+--PERISSODACTYLA 
   |
   CETARTIODACTYLA
   |--Cetacea
   |  |--Pakicetidae
   |  `--Autoceta
   `--Artiodactyla
      |--Suina  
      |  |--Hippopotamidae
      |  `--Suoidea  
      `--Selenodontia  
         |--Camelidae
         `--Ruminantia  
            |--Giraffoidea  
            `--+--Bovoidea  
               `--Cervoidea

Contents

Overview
Cetartiodactyla
Cetacea
Autoceta
Artiodactyla
Suoidea
Selenodontia
Ruminantia
Selenodontia
Dendrogram
References

Descriptions

Pudu Ruminantia:

Range: from the Eocene ? Early Oligocene?

Phylogeny: Selenodontia : Camelidae + * : Giraffoidea + (Bovoidea + Cervoidea).

Characters: usually with horns; lower canines incisor-like; long diastema; incisors absent on upper jaw; stomach four-chambered & complex; metapodials fused into single, elongated cannon bone.

Links: APUS.RU (Russian); Ungulata- Wiederkäuer - Ruminantia, (German); EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF THE RADIATION OF THE RUMINANTIA ( ...; Ruminantia after Janis, 1987, Norris, 2000 and Vislobokova & ...; Sub-Unit- Suborder Ruminantia; Giraffens utveckling - Mimers Brunn (Swedish). ATW030109.

Giraffoidea: giraffes & okapis.

Range: from the Middle Miocene

Phylogeny: Ruminantia : (Bovoidea + Cervoidea) + *.

Characters: horns with bone cores covered by skin; long neck; legs long

Image: Giraffa from East Africa Wildlife.

Links: Morales et al. (abstract); ?????? - ... (Japanese); Comparative Placentation; Phylogeny of the Bovidae Artiodactyla, Mammalia Based on .... ATW030109.

Bovoidea: cattle, elands, sheep, goats, antelope

Range: from the Miocene

Phylogeny: Ruminantia :: Cervoidea + *.

Links: ?????? - ... (Japanese); wblinks1; Animais em Extinção. ATW030110

Cervoidea: deer

Range: from the Early Oligocene

Phylogeny: Ruminantia :: Bovoidea + *.

Links: Classe de idade Metodologia para classificação Classe 0 Fase de ... (Portuguese); Conabio (Spanish: extensive discussion, but mostly limited to regional species); NCBI; Conabio (Spanish). ATW030428.

checked ATW080114