Arthropoda		Merostomata
Arthropoda		Dendrogram

Merostomata Dendrogram

Chelicerata  
|--MEROSTOMATA  
|  |--Xiphosura 
|  |  |--Bunodidae
|  |  `--+--Bellinurina
|  |     `--Limulina
|  |        |--Paleolimulidae
|  |        `--Limulidae
|  `--+--Chasmataspida
|     `--Eurypterida
`--Arachnida  

MEROSTOMATA
|--o XIPHOSURA Latreille, 1802 (Horseshoe crabs)
|  |?- †Palaeomerus
|  |?- †Lemoneites
|  |--o †Weinberginidae Richter & Richter, 1929 
|  |  |-- †Weinbergina opitzi Richter & Richter, 1929 
|  |  |-- †Willwerathia laticeps (Stormer, 1936)
|  |  `-- †Legrandella lombardi Eldredge, 1974 
|  `--+--o †Bunodidae Packard 1886 
|     |  |-- †Bunodes lunula Eichwald, 1854 [Bunodidae Packard 1886]
|     |  `-- †Limuloides limuloides Woodward, 1865 [Limuloididae Stormer, 1952]
|     `--+-- †Pasternakevia podolica Selden & Drygant, 1987 [paraphyletic Pseudoniscidae Packard 1886]
|        `--+-- †Cyamocephalus loganensis Currie, 1927 [paraphyletic Pseudoniscidae Packard 1886]
|           `--+-- †Pseudoniscus aculeatus Nieszkowski, 1859 [paraphyletic Pseudoniscidae Packard 1886]
|              `--+-- †Kasibelinurus amicorum Pickett, 1993 [paraphyletic Kasibelinuridae Pickett, 1993]
|                 `--o XIPHOSURIDA Latreille, 1802 (Horseshoe crabs)
|                    |--o †BELLINURINA Zittel & Eastman, 1913
|                    |  |?- †Elleriidae 
|                    |  |--o †Bellinuridae Zittel & Eastman, 1913
|                    |  |  |?- †Protolimulus eriensis (Williams, )
|                    |  |  `-- †Bellinurus trilobitoides Buckland, 1837
|                    |  `--o †Euproopidae Eller, 1938 
|                    |     |-- †Liomesaspis laevis Raymond, 1944 [Liomesaspidae Raymond 1944]
|                    |     `--o †Euproops Meek, 1867 
|                    |        |-- †E. anthrax Prestwich, 1840 
|                    |        |-- †E. danae Meek & Worthen, 1865 
|                    |        `-- †E. rotundatus Prestwich, 1840 
|                    `--o LIMULINA Richter & Richter, 1929 sensu lato?
|                       |-- †Bellinuroopsis rossicus Chernyshev, 1933 [Neobelinuropsis]
|                       `--+-- †Rolfeia fouldenensis Waterston, 1985 [Rolfeiidae Selden and Siveter, 1987]
|                          `--o LIMULINA Richter & Richter, 1929 sensu Anderson, 1997(?)
|                             |--o †PALEOLIMULOIDEA Anderson, 1997(?)
|                             |  |-- †Paleolimulus avitus Dunbar, 1923 [Paleolimulidae Raymond, 1944]
|                             |  `-- †Xaniopyramis linseyi Siveter & Selden, 1987 [Moravuridae Pribyl, 1967]
|                             `--o LIMULOIDEA Zittel, 1885
|                                |-- †Valloisella lievensis Racheboeuf, 1992 ["Valloisellidae"]
|                                `--+?- †Austrolimulidae
|                                   |?- †Heterolimulidae
|                                   `--o Limulidae Zittel, 1885 (modern horseshoe crabs)
|                                      |?-o Mesolimulinae Stormer, 1952 (paraphyletic?)
|                                      |  |-- †Psammonlimulus gottingensis Lange
|                                      |  |-- †Limulitella bronni (Schimper) 
|                                      |  `-- †Mesolimulus walchi (Demarest)
|                                      `--o Limulinae Zittel, 1885
|                                         |--o Tachypleini Pocock, 1902 
|                                         |  |-- Carcinoscorpius rotundatus (Latrieille)
|                                         |  `--o Tachypleus
|                                         |     |-- †T. dechneni Zinken
|                                         |     `-- T. gigas (Muller)
|                                         `--o Limulini Zittel, 1885 
|                                            `-- Limulus polyphemus (Linnaeus) (amerikanmolukkirapu; horse-shoe crab)
`--+--o †CHASMATASPIDA
   |  |--o †Chasmataspidae
   |  |  `-- †Chasmataspis laurencii Caster & Brooks, 1956 
   |  |--o †Diploaspididae
   |  |  |-- †Diploaspis casteri Stψrmer, 1972
   |  |  `-- †Forfarella mitchelli Dunlop et al., 1999 
   |  `-- †Heteroaspididae
   `--EURYPTERIDA

page uploaded 12 June 2002
(originally uploaded on Kheper Site 3 October 2000)
Last modified ATW060225
checked ATW051112
dendrogram © Mikko Haaramo
this material may be freely used as long as attribution is given