Palaeos		Squamata
The Vertebrates		References

Squamata: References

Scleroglossa
|
Pythonomorpha
|--Mosasauroidea
`--Serpentes
   |--Scolecophidia
   `--Alethinophidia
      |--Aniloidea
      `--Macrostomata
         |--Boidae
         `--Caenophidia
            |--Acrochordoidea
            `--Colubroidea
               |--Colubridae
               `--Viperidae

References

Albertetal2009
Episquamata

Albino, AM (2000), New record of snakes from the Cretaceous of Patagonia (Argentina). Geodiversitas 22: 247-253.
Madtsoiidae

Alifanov, V. R. 2000 Macrocephalosaurs and the early evolution of lizards of Central Asia. Tr. Paleontol. Inst.272, 1–126. [In Russian.]
Tuberocephalosaurus

Bailon, S (1988), Un aniliidé (Reptilia, Serpentes) dans le Pliocène Supérieur Européen. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris (Ser. II) 306: 1255-1258.
Aniliidae.

Benton, M.J. 2000, Vertebrate Paleontology, Blackwell, 2nd Ed.
Paramacellodidae

Borsuk-Bialynicka, M. 1984. Anguimorphans and related lizards from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Palaeontologia Polonica 46: 5–105. pdf
Bainguidae

Caldwell, MW (1999), Squamate phylogeny and the relationships of snakes and mosasauroids. Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 125: 115-147.
Agamidae, Anguoidea; Lanthanotidae; Monstersauria; Pythonomorpha; Serpentes; Varanoidea.

Caldwell, MW & MSY Lee (1997), A snake with legs from the marine Cretaceous of the Middle East. Nature 386: 705-709. Squamata.

Caldwell, MW (2000), On the phylogenetic relationships of Pachyrachis within snakes: a response to Zaher 1998). J. Vert. Paleontol. 20: 187-190.
Serpentes

Caldwell, MW & AM Albino (2001), Paleoenvironment and paleoecology of three Cretaceous snakes: Pachyophis, Pachyrachis, and Dinilysia. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 46: 203-218.
Dinilysia; Madtsoiidae; Pachyophiidae.

Caldwell, MW, RL Carroll, & H Kaisar (1995), The pectoral girdle and forelimb of Carsosaurus marchesetti (Aigialosauridae), with preliminary phylogenetic analysis of mosasauroids and varanoids. J. Vert. Paleontol. 15: 516-531.
Pythonomorpha.

Caldwell, MW & MSY Lee (1997), A snake with legs from the marine Cretaceous of the Middle East. Nature 386: 705-709.
Serpentes; Pachyophiidae.

Camp, C. 1923. Classification of the lizards. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 48:289-481.
Lacertiformes

Carroll, R.L. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. Freeman
"Teiioiformes", Xantusiidae.

Conrad, J. 2008. Phylogeny and systematics of Squamata (Reptilia) based on morphology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 310, 1–182 abstract and pdf
Scincogekkonomorpha

Cundall, D & DA Rossman (1993), Cephalic anatomy of the rare Indonesian snake Anomochilus weberi. Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 109: 235-273.
Anomochilidae; Cylindrophiidae; Scolecophidia; Uropeltidae.

Cundall, D, V Wallach & DA Rossman (1993), The systematic relationships of the snake genus Anomochilus. Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 109: 275-299.
Aniliidae; Anomochilidae; Cylindrophiidae; Scolecophidia; Serpentes, Uropeltidae.

deBraga, M & O Rieppel (1997) Reptile phylogeny and the interrelationships of turtles, Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 120: 281-354.
Squamata; Pythonomorpha.

Dixon, D. (2008) The World Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Creatures. Lorenz Books
Polyglyphanodontinae

Estes, RD, TH Frazzetta, & EE Williams (1970), Studies on the fossil snake Dinilysia patagonica Woodward: part I. Cranial morphology. Bul. Mus. Comp. Zool. 140: 25-73.
Scolecophidia.

Estes, R. 1983 Sauria Terrestria, Amphisbaenia. In Handbuch der Palaeoherpetologie 10A (ed. P. Wellnhofer), pp. 1–245. Stuttgart, Germany: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
Adamisaurus, Gilmoreteius, Polyglyphanodon

Estes, R.; de Queiroz, K. & Gauthier, Jacques (1988): Phylogenetic relationships within Squamata. In: Estes, R. & Pregill, G. (eds.): The Phylogenetic Relationships of the Lizard Families: 15-98. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto. pdf
Lacertiformes, "Teiioiformes", Teiioidea

Evans, S.E. 2003, At the feet of the dinosaurs: the early history and radiation of lizards. Biol. Rev. (2003), 78, pp. 513–551.
Huehuecuetzpalli, Paramacellodidae

Evans, S. E. & Barbadillo, L. J. 1998. An unusual lizard (Reptilia, Squamata) from the Early Cretaceous of Las Hoyas, Spain. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 124, 235–266.
Scandensia

Evans, S.E., Raia, P., and Barbera, C. 2004. New lizards and rhynchocephalians from the Lower Cretaceous of southern Italy. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (3): 393–408. pdf
Eichstaettisaurus

Evans, Susan E. and Wang, Yuan(2010) 'A new lizard (Reptilia: Squamata) with exquisite preservation of soft tissue from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China', Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 8: 1, 81 — 95
Huehuecuetzpalli,

Greene, HW (1997), Snakes: the Evolution of Mystery in Nature. U. Calif. Press, 351 pp.
Scolecophidia.

Hecht, MK (1959), Amphibians and reptiles, in PO McGrew (ed.), The geology and paleontology of the Elk Mountain and Tabernacle Butte area, Wyoming. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 117: 130-146.
Aniliidae; Cylindrophiidae; Serpentes.

Hedges, S.B. & Vidal, N. (2009). Lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians (Squamata). In: S.B. Hedges & S. Kumar (Eds.). The timetree of life Oxford University Press, pp. 383-389.
Cordyloidea, Lacertiformes, Xantusiidae.

Holman, JA (2000), Fossil Snakes of North America: Origin, Evolution, Distribution, Paleoecology. Indiana Univ. Press, 359 pp.
Alethinophidia; Aniliidae

Kley, NJ (1998), Kinematics and mechanics of prey transport in scolecophidian snakes. Amer. Zoologist 38: 202A (abstract).
Scolecophidia.

Kley, NJ & EL Brainerd (1999), Feeding by mandibular raking in a snake. Nature 402: 369-70.
Scolecophidia.

Langer, M.C. 1998. Gilmoreteiidae new family and Gilmoreteius new genus (Squamata Scincomorpha): replacement names for Macrocephalosauridae Sulimski, 1975 and Macrocephalosaurus Gilmore, 1943. Comunicacoes do Museu de Ciencias e Tecnologia 11: 13-18. (UBEA/PUCRS) pdf
Gilmoreteiidae

Lee, MSY (1997), Pareiasaur phylogeny and the origin of turtles. Zool. J. Linnean Soc., 120: 197-280.
Pythonomorpha.

Lee, MSY (1997a), The phylogeny of varanoid lizards and the affinities of snakes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 352: 53-91.
Anguoidea;   Monstersauria; Pythonomorpha; Serpentes; Varanidae; Varanoidea.

Lee, MSY (1998). Convergent evolution and character correlation in burrowing reptiles : toward a resolution of squamate phylogeny. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 65, 369–453.
Xantusiidae.

Lee, MSY, GL Bell Jr. & MW Caldwell (1999a), The origin of snake feeding. Nature 655-659.
Cylindrophiidae, Mosasauroidea, Pythonomorpha, Squamata.

Lee, MSY, MW Caldwell & JD Scanlon (1999), A second primitive marine snake: Pachyophis woodwardi from the Cretaceous of Bosnia-Herzegovina. J. Zool. London 248: 509-520.
Serpentes, Pachyophiidae.

Macey, JR, JA Schulte II & A Larson (2000), Evolution and phylogenetic information content of mitochondrial genomic structural features illustrated with acrodont lizards. Syst. Biol. 49: 257-277.
Acrodonta

Macey, JR, A Larson, NB Ananjeva & TJ Papenfuss (1997), Replication slippage may cause parallel evolution in the secondary structures of mitochondrial transfer RNAs. Mol. Biol. Evol. 14: 30-39.
Anguimorpha

Macey, JR, JA Schulte II, A Larson, NB Ananjeva, Y Wang, R Pethiyagoda, N Rastegar-Puyani, & TJ Papenfuss (2000a), Evaluating trans-Tethys migration: an example using acrodont lizard phylogenetics. Syst. Biol. 49: 233-256.
Acrodonta, Agamidae, Amphibolurinae, Draconinae.

Mo JY, Xu X, Evans SE. 2009, The evolution of the lepidosaurian lower temporal bar: new perspectives from the Late Cretaceous of South China. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 277(1679): 331-336 html/pdf
Boreoteiioidea

Nydam, RL (2000), A new taxon of helodermatid-like lizard from the Albian-Cenomanian of Utah. J. Vert. Paleontol. 20: 285-294.
Anguimorpha; Monstersauria.

Nydam, R.L. and Cifelli, R.L. (2005) New data on the dentition of the scincomorphan lizard Polyglyphanodon sternbergi. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (1): 73–78
Polyglyphanodontinae

Nydam, R. L.; Gauthier, J.A.; and Chiment, J.J. (2000) The mammal-like teeth of the Late Cretaceous lizard Peneteius aquilonius Estes 1969 (Squamata, Teiidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 628–631
Polyglyphanodontinae

Nydam, R. L., J. G. Eaton, and J. Sankey. 2007. New taxa of transversely-toothed lizards (Squamata: Scincomorpha) and new information on the evolutionary historyof Teeids. J. Paleont., 81(3), 2007, pp. 538-549
Boreoteiioidea, Polyglyphanodontinae

Rieppel, O & H Zaher (2000), The braincases of mosasaurs and Varanus, and the relationships of snakes. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 129: 489-514.
Varanoidea.

Scanlon, JD & MSY Lee (2000), The Pleistocene serpent Wonambi and the early evolution of snakes. Nature 403: 416-420.
Aniliidae, Madtsoiidae, Serpentes.

Schultze, H-P (1994), Comparison of hypotheses on the relationship of sarcopterygians. Syst. Biol. 43: 155-173.
Varanoidea.

Sulimski, A. 1972 Adamisaurus magnidentatus, n. gen., n. sp. (Sauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontol. Polon. 27, 33–40. pdf
Adamisaurus

Szyndlar, Z (1994), Oligocene snakes of southern Germany. J. Vert. Paleontol. 14: 24-37.
Aniliidae

Tchernov, E, O Rieppel, H Zaher, MJ Polcyn & LL Jacobs (2000), A fossil snake with limbs. Science 287: 2010-2012.
Aniliidae, Anomalepididae, Alethinophidia, Dinilysia, Leptotyphlopidae, Macrostomata, Pachyophiidae; Scolecophidia; Serpentes, Typhlopidae.

Vidal, N. & Hedges, S.B. (2005). The phylogeny of squamate reptiles (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians) inferred from nine nuclear protein-coding genes. C. R. Biologies 328 (2005) 1000–1008
Episquamata, Lacertiformes, Unidentatan

Wiens, J. J., C. A. Kuczynski, T. M. Townsend, T. W. Reeder, D. G. Mulcahy, and J. W. Sites, Jr. (2010). Combining phylogenomics and fossils in higher-level squamate phylogeny: molecular data change the placement of fossil taxa. Systematic Biology. 59 (6): 674-688.
Huehuecuetzpalli

Zaher, H (1998), The phylogenetic position of Pachyrachis within snakes (Squamata, Lepidosauria). J. Vert. Paleontol. 18: 1-3.
Macrostomata, Pachyophiidae, Serpentes.